Abstract: Three-dimensional digital technology is important in the maintenance and monitoring of archeological sites. This paper focuses on using a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (Phantom 4 pro) photogrammetry to establish a 3D model fusion and associated digital documentation of Beaufort castle (Arnoun, South Lebanon). The overall discrepancy between the two technologies was sufficient for the generation of convergent data. Thus, the terrestrial laser scanning and phantom 4 photogrammetry data were aligned and merged post-conversion into compatible extensions. A three-D dimensional (3D) model, with planar and perpendicular geometries, based on the hybrid data- point cloud was developed. This study demonstrates the potential of using the integration of terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry in 3D digital documentation and spatial analysis of the Lebanese archeological sites.
From a paper by Yousef Naanouh, et al.
INTRODUCTION
Laser scanning is a quite efficient survey method to reduce costs. Surveys are realized by a laser scanner which allows quick surveying (scanning) of landscapes and structures: their furnishings and arrangements as well as installations.
Nowadays, laser scanning of buried archaeological elements will provide an effective solution to their visualization. Consequently, this will increase the chance for the community to appreciate these findings, rather than keeping this experience exclusive for archaeologists that took part in the excavation. Laser scanning also allows these archaeologists to proceed with their studies, formulate further hypotheses, and elaborate their research, even when the excavation is closed [1].
Terrestrial 3D laser scanning will become the future standard tool for high-resolution 3D documentation of archaeological excavations, but its capabilities are still underestimated by professional archaeologists, and providers of scanners or, scanning services. The new tool forces archaeologists to consider the extension of archaeological stratigraphy theory. This paper presents examples of the beneficial use of laser scanning and proposes an extended theory [2].
Our project aims to monitor and develop a 3D model of Beaufort Castle (Qala’at Shaqif Arnoun); a historical touristic attraction, and one of the most important Lebanese monuments, using surveying techniques; Laser Scanning, GPS, AutoCAD, and drone. These techniques allow us to construct a 3D surface model by locating points in the ground called ground control points (GCP). And, with known coordinates and elevation, we can obtain accurate results using specific software for drones, to conduct a mission plan before flying.
For the complete paper on 3D model fusion CLICK HERE.
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This looks amazing. You did a good job here.